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PYQs of Civics Chapter 1 - Power Sharing Skip to main content

PYQs of Civics Chapter 1 - Power Sharing

 PYQs of Civics Chapter 1 - Power Sharing

VERY SHORT
1.Which language was recognised as the only official language of Sri Lanka in 1956?
2.What is meant by horizontal distribution of power?
3.What is meant by vertical division of power?
4.What is majoritarianism?
5.What is power sharing?
6.Which type of government is called community government in Belgium?
7.What is the role of community government in Belgium?
8.What is meant by ‘checks and balances’?
9.When did Sri Lanka become an independent country?

SHORT
1.What is power sharing? Why is it desirable?
2.Explain the horizontal distribution of power.
3.Explain the vertical division of power in modern democracies.
4.What are the prudential reasons for power sharing?
5.What are the moral reasons for power sharing?
6.Explain any two forms of power sharing.
7.What is community government in Belgium? Explain its functions.
8.What is wrong with majoritarianism? Explain.
9.How is power shared among different organs of government?

LONG
1.Describe the power sharing arrangement adopted by Belgium.
2.How did Belgium successfully accommodate different social groups?
3.Explain the majoritarian measures adopted by the Sri Lankan government.
4.What were the consequences of majoritarian policies in Sri Lanka?
5.Compare the power sharing arrangements of Belgium and Sri Lanka.
6.Explain different forms of power sharing in modern democracies.
7.Why is power sharing a better way to govern a diverse society?
8.Explain the role of power sharing in maintaining democracy.



.

 VERY SHORT ANSWERS 

1. The only official language recognised in 1956 was Sinhala.

2. Horizontal distribution of power means power is shared among different organs like Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary.

3. Vertical division of power refers to sharing power among different levels of government like Central, State, and Local governments.

4. Majoritarianism is a belief that the majority community should rule the country without considering minorities.

5. Power sharing means distribution of power among different groups or institutions in a society.

6. In Belgium, the Community Government is elected by people belonging to one language community.

7. The role of community government is to take decisions on cultural, educational, and language-related issues.

8. ‘Checks and balances’ means each organ of government keeps a check on others to prevent misuse of power.

9. Sri Lanka became independent in 1948.

 SHORT ANSWERS 

1. What is power sharing? Why is it desirable?

  • Power sharing means distribution of power among different groups in society.

  • It is desirable because:

    • It helps reduce conflicts among social groups.

    • Ensures political stability.

    • Promotes democracy and participation.

    • Prevents concentration of power.

2. Explain the horizontal distribution of power.

  • Power is shared among:

    • Legislature – makes laws

    • Executive – implements laws

    • Judiciary – interprets laws

  • This system ensures:

    • Checks and balances

    • No organ becomes too powerful

  • Example: Courts can declare laws unconstitutional.

3. Explain the vertical division of power.

  • Power is divided among different levels:

    • Central Government

    • State Government

    • Local Government

  • This is known as federalism.

  • It ensures:

    • Better administration

    • Participation of people at all levels

4. What are the prudential reasons for power sharing?

  • These are practical reasons:

    • Reduces chances of conflict and violence

    • Ensures political stability

    • Maintains unity of the country

    • Helps in better governance

5. What are the moral reasons for power sharing?

  • These are based on values of democracy:

    • Power sharing is the spirit of democracy

    • People have the right to be consulted

    • Ensures equality among citizens

    • Makes government legitimate

6. Explain any two forms of power sharing.

  • Among organs of government:

    • Legislature, Executive, Judiciary share power

  • Among different levels:

    • Central, State, Local governments share power

  • Ensures balance and efficiency.

7. What is community government in Belgium? Explain its functions.

  • It is a government elected by people belonging to a language community.

  • Functions:

    • Controls education

    • Promotes culture

    • Protects language rights

8. What is wrong with majoritarianism?

  • Ignores rights of minorities

  • Leads to social conflict

  • Destroys unity of country

  • Example: Sri Lanka policies led to civil war

9. How is power shared among different organs of government?

  • Legislature makes laws

  • Executive implements laws

  • Judiciary interprets laws

  • Each organ checks the others → ensures balance


LONG ANSWERS 

1. Describe the power sharing arrangement adopted by Belgium.

Belgium is a country with different linguistic groups like Dutch, French and German speakers. To maintain unity, it adopted a unique power-sharing arrangement.

  • The central government has equal number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers.

  • Some special laws require support from both communities.

  • Powers are divided between central and state governments, but the central government is not all-powerful.

  • A third level called community government was introduced.

  • This government deals with culture, education and language-related matters.

  • In Brussels, both communities have equal representation.

Thus, Belgium’s model shows how sharing power can reduce conflict and maintain stability.

2. How did Belgium successfully accommodate different social groups?

Belgium managed its diversity through careful and balanced power sharing.

  • It gave equal political representation to Dutch and French communities.

  • No single group was allowed to dominate.

  • Important decisions required mutual agreement between communities.

  • It created a community government for cultural and language issues.

  • Power was also shared at different levels of government.

  • Minority rights were respected and protected.

Because of these steps, Belgium avoided conflict and maintained peace. It shows that respecting diversity and sharing power leads to unity.

3. Explain the majoritarian measures adopted by the Sri Lankan government.

After independence in 1948, Sri Lanka adopted policies based on majoritarianism.

  • In 1956, Sinhala was made the only official language.

  • Tamil speakers were ignored and disadvantaged.

  • The government gave preference to Sinhala people in jobs and education.

  • It also promoted Buddhism, the religion of the majority.

These steps clearly favoured the majority community and ignored minorities.

As a result, Tamil people felt alienated and demanded equal rights. This shows how majoritarian policies can create dissatisfaction in society.

4. What were the consequences of majoritarian policies in Sri Lanka?

The majoritarian policies in Sri Lanka had serious negative consequences.

  • Tamil community felt discriminated and ignored.

  • They demanded equal rights and recognition.

  • Gradually, they started demanding a separate state (Tamil Eelam).

  • This led to a civil war between government and Tamil groups.

  • Many people lost their lives and property.

  • The country faced instability and violence for years.

Thus, ignoring minority rights destroyed peace in Sri Lanka. It proves that power sharing is necessary for maintaining unity.

5. Compare the power sharing arrangements of Belgium and Sri Lanka.

Belgium and Sri Lanka followed different approaches to manage diversity.

  • Belgium adopted power sharing, while Sri Lanka followed majoritarianism.

  • In Belgium, all communities got equal representation, but in Sri Lanka, Tamils were ignored.

  • Belgium created a community government, Sri Lanka did not.

  • Belgium ensured cooperation and peace, whereas Sri Lanka faced conflict and civil war.

  • Belgium respected diversity, Sri Lanka tried to impose majority rule.

Thus, Belgium succeeded due to inclusive policies, while Sri Lanka suffered due to lack of power sharing.

6. Explain different forms of power sharing in modern democracies.

In modern democracies, power is shared in different ways to ensure balance and participation.

  • Among organs of government: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary share power.

  • Among levels of government: Power is divided into central, state and local levels (federal system).

  • Among social groups: Different religious and linguistic groups get representation.

  • Among political parties: Power is shared through coalition governments.

These forms of power sharing help in reducing conflict and strengthening democracy. They ensure that no single group dominates others.

7. Why is power sharing a better way to govern a diverse society?

In a diverse society, different groups have different interests and identities. Power sharing helps manage this diversity.

  • It reduces chances of conflict and violence.

  • It ensures representation of all groups.

  • It promotes unity in diversity.

  • It increases political stability.

  • People feel respected and included.

Therefore, power sharing is a better way of governance as it brings peace and strengthens democracy in a diverse country.

8. Explain the role of power sharing in maintaining democracy.

Power sharing is the foundation of a democratic system.

  • It prevents concentration of power in one hand.

  • It ensures participation of different groups.

  • It promotes accountability of government.

  • It protects the rights of minorities.

  • It builds trust among citizens.

Thus, power sharing makes democracy more effective and stable. Without it, democracy can turn into majority domination.




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