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Present Tense – Complete Rules

 

Present Tense – Complete Rules 

1. Present Indefinite Tense (Simple Present)

✔ Use (उपयोग)

  • आदत (habit)

  • रोज होने वाले काम

  • सामान्य सत्य (universal truth)

✔ Affirmative (साधारण वाक्य)

Structure:
Subject + V1 / V1(s/es)

Rule:

  • He/She/It → V1(s/es)

  • I/We/You/They → V1

Examples:

  • He plays cricket.

  • I read books.

✔ Negative (नकारात्मक वाक्य)

Structure:
Subject + do/does + not + V1

Examples:

  • He does not play cricket.

  • I do not read books.

✔ Interrogative (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)

Structure:
Do/Does + Subject + V1 ?

Examples:

  • Do you play cricket?

  • Does he read books?

✔ WH Questions

Structure:
Wh-word + do/does + subject + V1 ?

Examples:

  • Why do you laugh?

  • Where does he live?

✔ Interrogative Negative

Structure:
Do/Does + subject + not + V1 ?

Examples:

  • Do you not understand?

  • Does he not work?

2. Present Continuous Tense

✔ Use (उपयोग)

  • अभी हो रहा काम

  • अस्थायी क्रिया (temporary action)

✔ Affirmative

Structure:
Subject + am/is/are + V1 + ing

Examples:

  • I am reading a book.

  • She is writing a letter.

✔ Negative

Structure:
Subject + am/is/are + not + V1 + ing

Examples:

  • I am not reading.

  • She is not writing.

✔ Interrogative

Structure:
Am/Is/Are + Subject + V1 + ing ?

Examples:

  • Are you reading?

  • Is she writing?

✔ WH Questions

Structure:
Wh-word + am/is/are + subject + V1 + ing ?

Examples:

  • What are you doing?

  • Why is he running?

✔ Interrogative Negative

Structure:
Am/Is/Are + subject + not + V1 + ing ?

Examples:

  • Are you not studying?

  • Is he not coming?

3. Present Perfect Tense

✔ Use (उपयोग)

  • कार्य पूरा हो चुका है

  • परिणाम (result) दिख रहा है

✔ Affirmative

Structure:
Subject + has/have + V3

Examples:

  • I have completed my work.

  • She has written a letter.

✔ Negative

Structure:
Subject + has/have + not + V3

Examples:

  • I have not completed my work.

  • She has not written a letter.

✔ Interrogative

Structure:
Has/Have + Subject + V3 ?

Examples:

  • Have you completed your work?

  • Has she written a letter?

✔ WH Questions

Structure:
Wh-word + has/have + subject + V3 ?

Examples:

  • What have you done?

  • Why has he left?

✔ Interrogative Negative

Structure:
Has/Have + subject + not + V3 ?

Examples:

  • Have you not finished the task?

  • Has he not arrived?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

✔ Use (उपयोग)

  • काम पहले शुरू हुआ और अभी तक जारी है

  • समय (since/for) महत्वपूर्ण होता है

✔ Affirmative

Structure:
Subject + has/have + been + V1 + ing + since/for

Examples:

  • I have been studying for two hours.

  • She has been working since morning.

✔ Negative

Structure:
Subject + has/have + not + been + V1 + ing

Examples:

  • I have not been studying.

  • She has not been working.

✔ Interrogative

Structure:
Has/Have + Subject + been + V1 + ing ?

Examples:

  • Have you been studying?

  • Has she been working?

✔ WH Questions

Structure:
Wh-word + has/have + subject + been + V1 + ing ?

Examples:

  • What have you been doing?

  • Why has he been shouting?

✔ Interrogative Negative

Structure:
Has/Have + subject + not + been + V1 + ing ?

Examples:

  • Have you not been studying?

  • Has he not been working?

⭐ Quick Learning Table

TenseHelping Verbपहचान
Present Indefinitedo / doesआदत / रोज का काम
Present Continuousam / is / areअभी हो रहा काम
Present Perfecthas / haveकाम पूरा हो चुका
Present Perfect Continuoushas/have beenकाम जारी है (since/for)


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